Jon Rappaport Debunked Professional Health Departments#

Tim MurphyвЂ™s bill seeking to reform the way the government addresses mental health services a diabolical legislative package, since Rappoport thought the legislation would require almost all children to take psychiatric meds, and that the bill will. The role this organism or these organisms played in influenza dominated medical discussion during the great pandemic.Currently Rappoport seems to write on various topics for InfoWars.Recently, for instance, Rappoport and InfoWars dubbed Rep. Pfeiffer's bacillus ( Bacillus influenzae) was a major focus of attention and some controversy between 18. Richard Pfeiffer announced in 18 that he had discovered influenza's cause. The work of Otto Leichtenstern, first published in 1896, described the major epidemiological and pathological features of pandemic influenza and was cited extensively over the next two decades.

Jon Rappaport Debunked Professional Health Departments

1 Five years later, drawing on continental, especially German, scientific and clinical literature, Otto Leichtenstern published the definitive scientific study of influenza in Hermann Northnagel's multi-volume handbook of special pathology. In 1891, Franklin Parsons, a member of the Medical Department of the Local Government Board in London, published a 300-page report on the pandemic based on surveys of all sanitary districts in England and Wales and on local studies in selected areas. The 1889вЂ“1890 pandemic generated a very large literary output and two particularly important biomedical syntheses. That meant that it was the first to have taken place since more prosperous nation states had created active, professional health departments and systems of vital statistics, and the first to be studied using the methods of modern pathology and bacteriology.

However, it never arose spontaneously, nor did it travel faster than humans travel. 554вЂ“64, 573вЂ“5) It did spread very rapidly, more rapidly than any other known communicable disease, and it produced explosive local outbreaks. 4 вЂ“ 6For faithful readers of this blog, you know I try to keep focus on a small field of science vaccines, GMOs, alternative medicine, and whatever strikes my.It says volumes about the rudimentary state of scientific knowledge of influenza in the early 1890s that the most important and lasting conclusion of these two seminal works was that influenza was a specific, communicable disease.

Writing in 1907, Clifford Allbutt, Regius Professor of Medicine, вЂњobserved influenza is of protean diseases the most protean more diversified even than syphilis.вЂќ 7 (p. 530вЂ“1)Its clinical features and its opaque identity made influenza seem an especially protean disease. Parsons thought they undoubtedly were distinct diseases Leichtenstern agreed, although less adamantly. The more vexing problem was whether this pandemic influenza was the same disease as the disorder commonly known as influenza or grippe that occurred almost every year. They were quite certain from clinical and epidemiological records that the influenza of the great pandemic of 1889вЂ“1890 was the same disease that had caused the influenza pandemics of the past, such as that of 1848вЂ“1849.

590вЂ“1) In succeeding years, the number of recognized clinical types swelled enormously. In addition to the typical respiratory cases, both he and Parsons passed on a division of three subtypes inherited from earlier authors: nervous, catarrhal, and gastric. But Leichtenstern observed that cases might exhibit no respiratory symptoms at all. The disease's regular target was the respiratory tract, and pneumonia was the most serious complication of influenza and the major cause of mortality during an outbreak.

Given the problems of differential diagnosis and the existence of mild cases, exact statistics were difficult to obtain. 473).The experience with the 1889вЂ“1890 pandemic taught medical authorities that pandemic influenza was a disease of very high morbidity and low case fatality, although it seemed that in the outbreaks immediately following a pandemic, morbidity rates could be expected to decline and case fatality rates to rise. 531) Both Osler and Lord passed on this classification to their readers, although Lord significantly altered the third category to endemic influenza vera, suggesting that cases in this classification must have the same cause as those occurring in epidemics 5 , 6 (p. Leichtenstern proposed a tripartite division of influenza types: pandemic influenza vera (the disease that occurred in great global outbreaks), endemic-epidemic influenza vera (the disease having the same cause but which occurred in smaller outbreaks following a pandemic), and endemic influenza nostras (pseudo-influenza due to different causes). This is a point to which we will return.The generation working after the pandemic of 1889вЂ“1890 also classified influenza cases according to their occurrence and presumed cause. 474вЂ“83) Influenza, it seems, was having an identity crisis.

Continental figures indicated that morbidity was highest between ages 20 and 40 and lowest after age 50, while case fatality rates were highest among the elderly. 532, 564вЂ“70)The experience of 1889вЂ“1890 suggested that pandemic influenza had distinct patterns of age-specific morbidity and mortality. Reported incidence rates for employees of British institutions ranged from 9% for troops stationed in Britain to 33% for postal employees. Leichtenstern estimated that as much as 50% of the German population had been infected, while Parsons put the estimate for Greater London at 25%.

In uncomplicated cases he found these bacilli in overwhelming numbers and frequently in pure culture. 9 Pfeiffer reported finding in every case of influenza he examined a rod-shaped organism. An apparent breakthrough came in 1892, during a subsequent outbreak, when Richard Pfeiffer announced in a single-page preliminary publication, 8 and a year later in a more substantial article, that he had found influenza's cause. 6)During the pandemic of 1889вЂ“1890, researchers used the new methods of medical microbiology in unsuccessful efforts to identify the microbial cause of influenza. Between 18, 33% of deaths attributed to influenza occurred in the first year of life and another 34% occurred after age 60. Parsons demonstrated that this mortality pattern was very different from that of the inter-pandemic period.

To further complicate matters, although he had focused his investigation almost exclusively on influenza cases, he reported finding in a few cases of вЂњdiphtheric bronchopneumoniaвЂќ a bacillus that was indistinguishable from his own bacillus on the grounds of morphology and of culture and staining characteristics. Pfeiffer was never able to find an animal model for influenza, although he innoculated mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, pigs, cats, dogs, and monkeys. It could not be stained with Gram's stain, but it would accept Loeffler's methylene blue stain, and it displayed characteristic polar staining, making it easy to confuse with diplococci. It would only grow on blood argar plates. It was very small and fastidious.

Pfeiffer, a protege of Robert Koch, was, after all, a productive and distinguished bacteriologist.